To what extent financial development is important in promoting economic growth in OECD countries

This paper revisits the relationship between economic growth and the main determinants of financial development in The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the period 1990-2016. Using a random effects model, we provide empirical evidence of different aspects of financial development in order to show which of these characteristics of financial development help to explain economic growth in OEDC countries in terms of finances through a panel data model for the period examined. We pay special attention to the main determinants of the financial system and verify their influence on economic growth even when we control for other key country-level factors relating to economic growth. Results show that an increase in domestic credit provided by financial-sector, in market capitalization and in the turnover ratio of domestic shares entails a significant positive effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Among other socioeconomic determinants related to economic growth, expenditure in education, the inflation and unemployment rates appear highly significant in the economic growth of the analysed countries.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Financial development and economic growth: a study for OECD countries in the context of crisis

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between economic growth and the main determinants of financial development in developed countries during the period 1990-2016. Using a random effects model, we provide empirical evidence of different aspects of financial development in order to show which of these characteristics of financial development help to explain economic growth in developed countries, particularly in OEDC countries in terms of finances through a panel data model and a dynamic model for the period examined. Paying special attention to the main determinants of the financial system and verify their influence on economic growth even when we control for other key country-level factors relating to economic growth. We conclude that an increase in domestic credit provided by financial-sector, in market capitalization and in the turnover ratio of domestic shares entails a significant positive effect on the GDP per capita. Among other socioeconomic determinants related to economic growth, expenditure in education, the inflation and unemployment rates seem highly significant in the economic growth of the analysed countries.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Pobreza y mortalidad infantil: determinantes socioeconómicos y políticas

Tesis realizada bajo acuerdo de confidencialidad.La presente tesis doctoral examina los determinantes socioeconómicos y la relevancia de las políticas públicas en relación, por un lado, con la mortalidad infantil en los Países Menos Adelantados (PMA) y, por otro, con la pobreza infantil en los países europeos. La investigación está integrada por cinco partes

Factores socioeconómicos sobre la evolución de la mortalidad en Europa en el siglo XXI: propuestas de políticas frente a la crisis del COVID-19

In the midst of adverse effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy has been confronted with new challenges, among which is an increase in mortality as a consequence of the virus. The main objective of this article is to examine the socio-economic factors influencing the evolution of mortality in Europe in the 21st century, using a panel data for a fixed effects model. The findings suggest that the determinants most strongly connected to the evolution of mortality in Europe include: inequality, the number of beds available in hospitals and the unemployment rate. These results further highlight the importance of developing specific strategies to control these factors, and to assist developed economies in order to face potential economic and health crises, like the current pandemic, more effectively in the futureLa economía mundial se enfrenta a nuevos retos después de experimentar los efectos adversos provocados por la COVID-19. En este contexto, se ha evidenciado un incremento de la mortalidad como consecuencia de la pandemia. Así, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es examinar qué factores socioeconómicos influyen sobre la evolución de la mortalidad en Europa en el Siglo XXI, empleando un panel de datos para un modelo de efectos fijos. Los hallazgos sugieren que los determinantes altamente conectados con la evolución de la mortalidad en Europa son: la desigualdad, el número de camas disponibles en hospitales y la tasa de desempleo, poniendo de manifiesto la importancia de desarrollar estrategias específicas que puedan controlar estos factores y permitan a las economías desarrolladas enfrentar posibles crisis económicas y de salud, como la pandemia actual, de manera más efectiva en los próximos año

Economic Fluctuations, Child Mortality and Policy Considerations in the Least Developed Countries

Between 1990 and 2010 child mortality decreased in general terms in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), although the differences between countries over time are significant. This paper examines the relationship between short-term economic fluctuations and changes in child mortality in the LDCs during the period 1990-2010. Unlike other studies, we consider a large group of LDCs and provide empirical evidence of the asymmetrical effects of variations in Gross Domestic Product per capita on the evolution of child mortality rate in periods of economic recession and expansion. The significance of said effects diminishes when other relevant socio-economic control variables are considered, and some development policy considerations are addressed in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 target

Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex as a Predictor of Vulnerability to Develop Locomotor Sensitization to Cocaine

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a measure of sensory-motor synchronization. A deficit in PPI has been observed in psychiatric patients, especially those with schizophrenia and vulnerable subjects, since the neural bases of this disorder are also involved in the regulation of PPI. Recently, we have reported that baseline PPI levels in mice can predict their sensitivity to the conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice with a low PPI presented a lower sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine; however, once they acquired conditioned preference with a higher dose of the drug, a more persistent associative effect of cocaine with respect to environmental cues was evident in these animals when compared with High-PPI mice. Therefore, we proposed that the PPI paradigm can determine subjects with a higher vulnerability to the effects of cocaine. Developing locomotor sensitization after pre-exposure to cocaine is considered an indicator of transitioning from recreational use to a compulsive consumption of the drug. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether subjects with a low PPI display a higher locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine. First, male and female OF1 mice were classified as High- or Low-PPI according to their baseline PPI levels. Subsequently, the motor effects induced by an acute dose of cocaine (Experiments 1 and 2) and the development of locomotor sensitization induced by pre-exposure to this drug (Experiments 3 and 4) were recorded using two apparatuses (Ethovision and actimeter). Low-PPI mice presented low sensitivity to the motor effects of an acute dose of cocaine, but a high increase of activity after repeated administration of the drug, thus suggesting a great developed behavioral sensitization. Differences after pretreatment with cocaine vs. saline were more pronounced among Low-PPI subjects than among High-PPI animals. These results endorse our hypothesis that the PPI paradigm can detect subjects who are more likely to display behaviors induced by cocaine and which can increase the risk of developing a cocaine use disorder. Herein, we further discuss whether a PPI deficit can be considered an endophenotype for cocaine use disorder

Financial development and economic growth : a study for OECD countries in the context of crisis

We revisit the relationship between economic growth and financial development in OECD countries during the period 1990-2016, paying special attention to the recent economic crisis. Using a random effects model, we find that an increase in domestic credit provided by the financial-sector, in market capitalization and in the turnover ratio of domestic shares entails a significant positive effect on per capita GDP. We also find different effects during the period of the crisis on domestic credit provided by the financial-sector and on market capitalization. Among other socioeconomic determinants related to economic growth, expenditure in education, inflation and unemployment rates appear highly significant for economic growth of the analysed countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The nexus between economic freedom and economic growth in the LDCs. An empirical analysis for the period 2000-2021

Economic freedom and economic growth can be connected in most countries, but it is often necessary to specify those aspects of economic freedom that can foster economic growth. This paper examines the nexus between economic freedom and economic growth in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) using panel data for the period 2000-2021. Results show that, in general, economic freedom positively influences economic growth in the LDCs. Moreover, most economic freedom factors raise economic growth. However, the effect of government spending, fiscal and financial freedom on economic growth is negative. Using a Principal Component Analysis for the economic freedom sub-indicators confirms the results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Unemployment and financial development : evidence for OECD countries

It has been argued that credit market frictions may contribute to high unemployment. Hence, we assess the relationship between financial development and the labor market in OECD countries during the period 1990–2020. Using a random effects model for a panel dataset, we conclude that an increase in market capitalization and in the volume of shares traded can significantly reduce the unemployment rate. Likewise, inflation and per capita GDP growth are found to have significantly affected the evolution of the unemployment rate during the period under study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Crisis económica y financiera. La respuesta de la UE: una evaluación de las políticas aplicadas y un análisis de las ineficiencias creadas.

VIII Premio de investigación Francisco Javier de Landaburu. Universitas 200